Hymenopterous Larval–Pupal and Pupal Parasitoids of Anastrepha Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Mexico

t ( s t a ( s a c s t t ( a o a O F c m t a P w 1 i a We surveyed 15 wild and cultivated plant species in earch of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) parasitoids uring 4 years (1993–1996) in the state of Veracruz, exico. The following species were infested by Anastreha larvae: Spondias purpurea L., S. mombin L., Tairira mexicana Marchand, Mangifera indica L. (all nacardiaceae), Ximenia americana L. (Olacaceae), itrus sinensis L. and Casimiroa edulis Llave & Lex. Rutaceae), Psidium guajava L., P. sartorianum (Berg.), . guineense Sw., Syzygium jambos L., Myrciaria floriunda (West) O. Berg. (all Myrtaceae), Chrysophyllum exicanum (Brandegce) ex. Standley and Calocarpum ammosum L. (Sapotaceae), and Passiflora foetida L. Passifloraceae). Of these, only C. mexicanum, C. eduis, and P. foetida did not harbor parasitoids. We identied 10 native and exotic larval–pupal parasitoid speies (all Hymenoptera): Doryctobracon areolatus Szépligeti), D. crawfordi (Viereck), Utetes (Bracanstrepha) anastrephae (Viereck), and Opius hirtus Fisher) (all Braconidae), Aganaspis pellenaroi Brethes) and Odontosema anastrephae Borgmeier (Euoilidae) (all native species), and Diachasmimorpha ongicaudata (Ashmead) and Aceratoneuromyia inica (Silvestri) (Braconidae and Eulophidae, respecively; both exotic species). We also identified two upal parasitoids: Coptera haywardi (Ogloblin) (Diapridae; native) and Pachycrepoideus vindemiae (Ronani) (Pteromalidae; exotic). Parasitization levels anged between 0.4 and 83.8%. Native, wild plants arbored significantly more parasitoids per fruit than ultivated ones. Interestingly, in P. guajava 2 fly speies and 5 parasitoid species were once identified in a ingle fruit. We found a negative correlation between ruit size and number of parasitoids/fruit. We rank arasitoids based on host breadth (fruit fly species ttacked) and number of plant species visited. We iscuss some general ecological and practical implicaions of our findings (e.g., effect of fruit size on parasitsm, mass-rearing, and augmentative releases of native s exotic parasitoids) and compare our findings with